The news of a baby arriving brings an enormous amount of happiness in the family. With pregnancy come the various highs and the lows in the health of the expecting mother. It’s important to remember that family history has an important role in what health conditions the baby may inherit and how parents deal with them. It goes without saying that family & pregnancy are very much related to each other.

Causes of complications in pregnancy
It is advisable to know about the family history of both the parents so that timely action can be taken against issues such as genetic diseases, birth defects, and developmental disabilities. However, before delving into the relationship between family & pregnancy and the associated risk factors, let’s first look at some of the most common causes of complications in pregnancy.

There are several causes that can lead to complications in pregnancy. Complications are health problems that involve the mother or baby or both. Some women experience issues during pregnancy, while some experience pre-pregnancy issues. The following causes of complications in pregnancy are quite common:

• High blood pressure can cause complications in pregnancy as it becomes hard for the blood to reach the placenta. This plays an important role in providing oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.
• Some infections can pass from mother to baby, especially during the delivery process. Many such infections can be treated and prevented with appropriate prenatal and postpartum follow up.
• Vaginal bleeding or spotting, cramping, or tissue/fluid passing from the vagina can indicate a miscarriage, which can happen before 20 weeks due to natural causes.

The following complications might need one to go for genetic counseling:

• Inability to conceive despite favorable conditions
• If a previous child was born with a defect or genetic disease
• Two or more miscarriages despite favorable pregnancy conditions
• Death of a baby before he/she turns one year old

Genetic risks attributing to health conditions
A newborn child gets one set of genes from the mother and the other from father. This is why children look a lot like their parents and other family members. Genes can also increase the risk of certain health conditions. Like already mentioned above, the child may be at the risk of genetic disorders, some of which are

• History of chromosomal abnormalities running in the family. Examples of issues arising out of chromosomal abnormalities include down syndrome, XXY syndrome, and Turner syndrome. Chromosomal abnormalities can also lead to stillbirth, which is the loss of pregnancy after the 20 ^th week.
• Certain types of genetic disorders are common in families. They include muscular dystrophy, cleft lip, spina bifida, hemophilia, and cystic fibrosis.
• Both the to-be mother and father coming from the same family line or are related to each other

Be it pregnancy issues arising out of natural causes or familial causes, it is indeed very important to keep a close check on them. If at any point in time, one observes complications or issues, they should immediately contact their specialist.